Which of the following affects the total impedance in an AC circuit?

In an AC circuit, total impedance is a crucial factor that determines how current flows through the circuit. Impedance is a combination of resistance and reactance.

Resistance represents the opposition to current flow regardless of frequency, while reactance represents the opposition to current flow introduced by inductors and capacitors, which varies with frequency. The total impedance is calculated by combining these two components, typically through the formula Z = √(R² + X²), where Z is the total impedance, R is the resistance, and X is the reactance.

Since both resistance and reactance impact how well the circuit conducts alternating current, the correct answer recognizes the dependence of total impedance on both factors, affirming that understanding their relationship is essential for analyzing AC circuits effectively. This is why the correct choice emphasizes that both resistance and reactance together determine total impedance in an AC circuit.