In a centrifugal pump, cavitation can occur due to:

Cavitation in a centrifugal pump primarily occurs due to low inlet pressure. When the pressure at the pump's suction side drops below the vapor pressure of the fluid being pumped, vapor bubbles can form. As these bubbles move through the pump and enter higher pressure zones, they collapse or implode, which can cause significant damage to the pump components, including pitting on the impeller and casing.

Ensuring that the inlet pressure is maintained above the vapor pressure is crucial for preventing cavitation. This can be achieved by designing the system with appropriate suction heights, ensuring proper fluid levels in tanks, and avoiding sharp bends or restrictions in the piping that could lead to pressure drops.

While excessive pump speed and high viscosity fluids can contribute to conditions that might lead to cavitation, the fundamental cause is the inability of the pump to maintain adequate pressure at the suction side. Frequent operation does not inherently lead to cavitation; rather, it is the conditions of pressure that determine its occurrence.